C++ Programming Lecture Notes

Welcome to C++ Programming Lecture Notes

This is a complete, premium, editorial-style learning resource covering the C++ programming language from standard loops and references to advanced OOP, templates, standard collections (STL), and modern move semantics. Use the sidebar menu to select a lesson or start typing in the search bar above.

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Foundations

• Introduction to C++
• C++ Syntax and Program Structure
• C++ Input and Output
• Variables and Data Types in C++
• Operators in C++
• Control Flow in C++
• Preprocessor Directives & Namespaces in C++

Working With Data

• Arrays in C++
• Vectors in C++
• Strings in C++
• Enums, Structs, and Unions in C++
• Type Casting in C++

Functions

• Function Basics in C++
• Function Parameters in C++
• Function Overloading in C++
• Recursion in C++
• Inline Functions and Lambda Expressions in C++

Pointers Memory

• Pointers in C++
• References in C++
• Dynamic Memory in C++
• Smart Pointers in C++

OOP: INTRODUCTION

• What is OOP?
• Procedural Programming vs OOP
• Why OOP in C++?
• Features of C++
• OOP Concepts Overview

OOP: CLASSES AND OBJECTS

• What is a Class?
• What is an Object?
• Class Definition
• Creating Objects
• Accessing Members
• Member Functions

OOP: CONSTRUCTORS AND DESTRUCTORS

• What is a Constructor?
• What is a Destructor?
• Types of Destructors
• Constructor vs Destructor

OOP: ACCESS SPECIFIERS

• `private` Access Specifier
• `public` Access Specifier
• `protected` Access Specifier
• Default Access in `class` and `struct`
• Getter and Setter Functions
• Friend Functions
• Friend Classes
• `this` Pointer

OOP: ENCAPSULATION

• What is Encapsulation?
• Benefits of Encapsulation
• Achieving Encapsulation in C++

OOP: OPERATOR OVERLOADING

• What is Operator Overloading?
• Rules for Operator Overloading
• Overloading Unary Operators
• Overloading Binary Operators
• Overloading Stream Operators
• Operators That Cannot Be Overloaded

OOP: INHERITANCE

• What is Inheritance?
• Constructor and Destructor in Inheritance
• Inheritance and Access Specifiers
• Method Overriding
• Friend Function and Friend Class in Inheritance

OOP: POLYMORPHISM

• What is Polymorphism?
• Function Overloading: Compile-time Polymorphism
• Operator Overloading: Compile-time Polymorphism
• Virtual Functions
• Pure Virtual Functions
• Abstract Classes
• Virtual Destructor
• Dynamic Binding

OOP: ABSTRACTION

• What is Abstraction?
• Abstraction using Abstract Classes
• Abstraction vs Encapsulation

OOP: COMPOSITION AND RELATIONSHIPS

• Has-A vs Is-A
• Composition
• Aggregation
• Association
• Dependency

OOP: ADVANCED OOP TOPICS

• Smart Pointers: unique_ptr and shared_ptr
• Static Members
• const Members and Functions
• mutable Keyword
• Inline Functions
• Nested Classes
• Local Classes
• Arrays of Objects
• Objects as Function Arguments
• Returning Objects from Functions

OOP: APPENDIX

• OOP Interview Questions (C++)
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Summary
• Further Reading and Resources
• OOP Viva Tricky Questions and Answers

OOP: DESIGN PATTERNS

• Factory Pattern
• Strategy Pattern
• Observer Pattern
• Adapter Pattern
• Command Pattern
• Singleton: When Not To Use It
• Chapter 16 Mega Enhancement Roadmap

OOP: RAII AND OWNERSHIP

• RAII
• Rule of Zero
• Rule of Three and Five
• `unique_ptr`
• `shared_ptr` and `weak_ptr`
• Resource-Managing Classes

OOP: UML AND DESIGN

• Class Diagrams
• Relationship Diagrams
• Project Modeling
• From Requirement to Class Design

OOP: ANTI PATTERNS

• God Class
• Deep Inheritance
• Public Data
• Unnecessary Friends
• Raw Owning Pointers
• Memory Leaks

Templates

• Function Templates in C++
• Class Templates in C++
• Advanced Templates in C++

STL

• STL Containers in C++
• STL Iterators in C++
• STL Algorithms in C++

Advanced Topics

• File Handling in C++
• Exception Handling in C++
• Modern C++ Features (C++11/14/17/20/23)

Expert Topics

• Multithreading in C++
• Networking in C++
• Design Patterns in C++
• Graphics Programming in C++

Build Tools Testing

• CMake Basics
• Debugging with GDB
• Unit Testing with Google Test